-- Parts of the grid: what are the following:
margin: the area around the layout where the text generally doesn't pass. To keep the text from bleeding off the page.
column: the area or field into which text is flowed so that it is presented in an organized manner
alley: blank space between two columns
module:
gutter:the middle of two pages, like in a book.
folio: folios, or page numbers, are traditional placed at the outer edge of the bottom margin, where they are easy to see and aid navigation.
-- What are the advantages of a multiple column grid.? It allows for the text to be organized more freely around the page rather than in just one place. It also keeps the text from being too heavy.
-- Why is there only one space after a period? -Two spaces after a period because characters on a typewriter are monospaced. Due to our technology, on a Mac the spacing is proportional is already taken into account.
-- What is a character (in typography)?- an individual element of type such as a letter or punctuation mark. (Letters, punctuation, numbers)
-- How many characters is optimal for a line length? words per line? -40
-- Why is the baseline grid used in design?- It helps the words look as if they are floating. The curved parts of the letters fall a bit below the baseline. It keeps organization throughout a piece. (intro text/sub text)
-- What is a typographic river?-in justified text, a typographic river is the white space created between words that flow through the text giving it the look of a river.
-- What does clotheslining or flow line or hangline mean? -the horizontal line that appears on a layout within a text. Allows the eye to flow through the page.
-- How can you incorporate white space into your designs?- by not filing the entire page with text/images and utilizing the white space in your design.
-- What is type color/texture mean? - is the non-white space in a layout.
-- What is x-height, how does it effect type color? -The height of a lower-case x of a given typeface. Acts as a measurements to the other letters.
-- Define Tracking. - The adjustable amount of space between letters.
-- Define Kerning. Why doe characters need to be kerned? What are the most common characters that need to be kerned (kerning pairs)? -process of removing small units of space between letters in order to create consistancy between letter-spacing. Characters need kerning in order to avoid awkwardness and unprofessional designs. The most common characters that need kerning are: HL, HO, OC, OT, and AT.
-- In justification or H&J terms what do the numbers: minimum, optimum, maximum mean?- The specific amount of space between words. The minimum being the least possible, optimum being just right.
-- What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph. Are there any rules?-Indentation (Don't indent the first paragraph) Can do a first line indentation, running indent, hanging indent, or a-point indent.
-- What are the rules associated with hyphenation?- Hyphens are used strictly for hyphenating words or line breaks. En dashes are for amounts of time such as hourly, days or years. Em dashes are abrupt changes in thought or where a period is too strong and a comma too weak.
-- What is a ligurature?- They prevent the collision and interference of characters, particularly the extended finial of the 'f' and the dot of the 'i'.
-- What does CMYK and RGB mean? - The different types of color management. CYMK is subractive color space and RGB is for large size printing.
-- What does hanging punctuation mean?
-- What is the difference between a foot mark and an apostrophe? What is the difference between
an inch mark and a quote mark (smart quote)?
-- What is a hyphen, en dash and em dashes, what are the differences and when are they used.
- A hyphen is (-) and is only used for hyphenating words, hence the name. An en dash is approximately the wideth of the capital letter N. It is used between words to indicate a duration of time. (In place of the letter “to”) An em dash is 2x as long as the en dash and is about the size of a capital M. It is normally used in a change of though or where a period is too strong and comma is too weak. Similar to a colon or parantheses.
-- What is a widow and an orphan? Widow is the last sentence of a paragraph left at the top of the next page instead of with it's own paragraph. An orphan is just a word left behind. (Not GOOD!)
